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I have studied English since I was a child.

I have lived here since 1973.

（3）自從我是一個小孩子，我就喜好搖滾樂。

主要的不同在於，一旦在句子中講一件曩昔産生的事，而且指定特定的時候，就

I have read The Tale of Two Cities.

第四章完成式（ Perfect Tense）

（3） 我有生以來沒有跳過舞。

take took taken

將以下句子譯成英文，掃數用如今完成式：

grow grew grown

1. I （become） a Christian when I was a child.

2. I （be） a Christian all my life.

3. He （live） here since 1939.

4. Stop eating now. You （eat） too much.

以下是而今完成進行式的例子：

I have already received your letter.

I called him twice, he has never answered.

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（5）I have never met your father.

I have studied English since 1963.

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原式過去式過去分詞（past participle）

have had had

I have not seen him since 1975.

用，以下都是這類 翻譯例子：

將以下句子譯成英文，有的用曩昔式，有的用現在完成式

I have known him for a long time.

進行式，情勢如下：

He has already completed the work.

I have been to America.

I have been taking music lessons since last year.

14.今年我去過海灘三次。

15.我終其平生都愛你 翻譯 翻譯社

（6）我熟悉他已經良久了。

get got gotten（或got）

（2） 我曾見過李總統。

（1）我已寫了這封信。

（7） 你曾見過雪嗎？

write wrote written

（a）I went to America last year.

read read read

以下的句子都是用了而今完成式：

（c）I finished my homework late last night.

snow snowed snowed

Have you ever climbed Jade Mountain？

He has been acting like a fool lately.（他比來一直在做傻

填充

1.起首假定我們有一件事，産生在過去，而一向延續到而今，就要用目前完成

＊（1）I have seen the movie last year.

（2） 自從我大學結業以後，我就在這裡工作。

listen listened listened

將以下 翻譯句子譯成英文，全部用目前完成進行式：

arrive arrived arrived

一定要用〝曩昔式〞，而不克不及用〝而今完成式〞。比方說，〝我曾看過「鐵達尼

ride rode ridden

（7）He has already won three awards.

fly flew flown

8. I （talk） to my father last night.

9. Since 1961 翻譯公司 I （be） a teacher. Before that 翻譯公司 I （be）

（6）固然他很年青，但他已寫了三本小說 翻譯社

詞，都有曩昔式和過去分詞，以下就是一些例子：

I have been going swimming since 1974.

（9）我開這輛汽車好久了。

in my life.

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（6）Have you ever been to America？

對讀者而言，最主要的是〝現在完成式〞和〝曩昔式〞不同事實在那裡？最

leave left left

（5） 他曾吃過這類冰淇淋。

（5）他已搬到了一個較大的房子。

I have never danced in my life.

draw drew drawn

In the past year, I have seen The Titanic three

The storm has arrived.

＊（2）I have never been to America last year.

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（8）我穿這件夾克良久了 翻譯社

事）

我們可以用現在完成式 翻譯社舉例來講，以下 翻譯例子都應當用而今完成式：

I have loved rock and roll music since I was a

I have seen The Titanic twice.

昨天晚上去看「鐵達尼號」〞，就必然用曩昔式，讀者不妨看看以下 翻譯比力：

（2） 他本年已發表了三篇論文 翻譯社

【演習十二】

break broke broken

可以用而今完成進行式（present perfect progressive tense） 翻譯社所謂目下當今完成

He has been drinking heavily since last year.（ 他客歲起，

I have written the letters.

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（1） 我曾到過美國。

It has been snowing since yesterday.

Have you ever seen snow?

（3）It has not rained for a long time.

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4.現在完成式可以用來默示一件曩昔常産生 翻譯事：

2.利用而今完成式的另外一情形是強調已經完成的事，比方說，你說〝我已寫了

I have been living here since I was a child.

see saw seen

verb to have 是為了完成式，been和present participle都是為了進

He has already practiced tennis for （the past） four

式，這類句子後面常有since或for 翻譯社以下是這類情形 翻譯例子：

He has left.

Since last year 翻譯公司 I have never seen him.

buy bought bought

（3）我已經測試了這個程式。

I have seen the movie.

（e）I went to church yesterday.

spread spread spread

a student.

I have driven this car for a long time.

I have been working here since I graduated from

5. It （rain） last night.

6. John is a writer. He （written） thirteen novels.

7. Last night, I （see） your father for the first time

（d）I studied English when I was a small child.

I have studied English for a long time.

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I have lived here since 1975.

He has tasted this kind of ice cream.

（4） 我看過〝雙城記〞。

drink drank drunk

否認的意思，ever則只有在問句中才會泛起。

行式。

（4）我已收到了你的信。

3.現在完成式用來表示一種經驗，舉例來講，〝我曾到過美國〞、〝我曾見過李

It has not rained for a long time.

storms.

（1） 自從1963年，我一直在唸英文 翻譯社

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kill killed killed

go went gone

I have seen President Lee.

watch watched watched

love loved loved

I have never seen this man before.

1.昨天我去看〝濁世佳人〞（Gone with the Wind）。

2.我從未看過〝濁世佳人〞。

3.客歲，我住在美國。

4.自從1985年，我就一向住在美國。

5.他從未去過英國。

6.他已完成了報告。

7.我昨天晚上完成了報告 翻譯社

8.昨夜，我見到了你的父親。

9.我已見過你的父親好幾次了。

10.我畢生都住在台中。

（2）他已經完成了工作。

就一向在酗酒）

類的例子：

（8） 你登過玉山嗎？

run ran run

I have been to America.

I have finally finished my homework.

swim swam swum

（1） 本年我國已有二次颱風。

那封信〞，就能夠用現在完成式，或者，你說〝他已完成了工作〞 翻譯社以下是這

come came come

verb to have + been + present participle

【練習十三】

以下的句子是錯的，請迥殊注重：

（8）I have stayed here since June.

（4）自從去年，我就從來沒有見過他 翻譯社

Since 1974, I have gone swimming at school.

1.自從我們是小孩子起，我們就一向起勁工作。

2.從客歲起，他就在唸英文 翻譯社

3.從昨天起，就一向在下雨。

4.從五時起，他就在做作業（do home work）。

5.從三歲起，我就一直住在台中 翻譯社

dance danced danced

號」〞，可以用現在完成式，因為這句話沒有指明任何特定 翻譯時間，假設說，〝我

sell sold sold

（4）I have never talked to this man before.

10. I （read） many novels written by Charles Dickens.

4枭

2而今完成進行式（ Present Perfect Progressive Tense）

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完成式 翻譯形式是verb to have + past participle ，每個動

I have worn this jacket for a very long time.

I have read this book.

（3） 過去一年，我看了三次〝鐵達尼號〞 翻譯社

paint painted painted

（6） 我不曾見過雪 翻譯社

He has already moved to a bigger house.

use used used

times.

Never和ever也常是我們弄不清晰如何利用的字，一般說來， never有

I have taken the job.

years.

（7）我打了二次電話給他，他都沒有回覆。

They have been dancing since seven o’clock.

（1） 自從1974年，我就在學校游泳。

child.

sing sang sung

總統〞、〝我有生以來沒有跳過舞〞，這些都應當用現在完成式，例如：

do did done

He has already published two papers this year.

【練習十一】

現在完成式常和since、for、already、never、ever等字一路使

walk walked walked

1.自從1980年，我就天天早上游泳。

2.我已收到了你的信。

3.我從未去過美國 翻譯社

4.從他是一個小孩入手下手，他就是一個基督徒（Christian） 翻譯社

5.我見過你的祖父 翻譯社

6.你的弟弟一向住在這裡。

7.他學鋼琴已經好久了。

8.我已寫了三封信給他，他都沒有回 翻譯社

9.過去三年我都在開這部車。

10.自從1975年以來，他一向是一位老師。

11.他教英文好久了 翻譯社

12.我曾看過濁世佳人（Gone with the Wind）。

13.我已吃過飯了。

（7）他操練網球已四年了。

以第一句話為例，假如我們要強調我一向在演習游泳，並且沒有間斷，我們

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【演習十四】

He has already completed the report.

（5）自從1950年以後，他就一向在此工作。

steal stole stolen

（1）I have already had dinner.

work worked worked

（b）I saw The Titanic last year.

We have already had two typhoons so far this year.

college.

Although he is young, he has already written three

Since I graduated from college, I have worked here.

什麼情形之下要用現在完成式呢？

He has washed his hands.

I have never seen snow.

I have already written the letter.

hit hit hit

（2）Since this summer began 翻譯公司 we have already had two

I have never been to church.

在上一節，我們知道，若是有一個行動，從曩昔産生後，就一直延續到如今，

（10）很久沒有下雨了。

I have already tested the program.

4枭

1 目下當今完成式（ Present Perfect Tense）

He has worked here since 1950.

＊（3）He has never finished his work last night.

（2）自從1975年今後，我就住在這裡。

eat ate eaten

novels.